What are some ways my child can show work/learning in math without pencil and paper?

A lot of schools use Math apps like DeltaMath, which could be used to show learning. You can also show learning with pictures and graphing; for example, the student could show relationships on a graph or plot the answer by pointing where the x goes on a line or graph.

Take a look at our article all about math to learn about the Standards of Mathematical Practice (SMPs). Talk to your IEP team about how you could write a goal around the standards. For example, under the standard for using mathematical models, you could ask for a goal where the student uses models to show they know math. Under the standard for making sense of problems and persevering until they solve them, you could include a goal about helping the student understand how their disability makes math a challenge for them and what accommodations they need to adjust for those challenges.