What is the difference between Deaf and deaf?

For some, hearing loss is viewed through a medical lens — something to be diagnosed and treated. But for others who are Deaf or hard of hearing, their hearing status isn’t a disability that needs fixing; it’s an integral part of their identity, culture, and community. It’s important to recognize that both perspectives are valid.

The uppercase D in Deaf refers to individuals who identify with and participate in the Deaf community. In contrast, the lowercase d is used for people who have hearing loss but may not be involved in Deaf culture. To include both groups, you might see the term written as D/deaf or d/Deaf. It’s also important to avoid outdated and offensive terms like “hearing impaired,” “deaf-mute,” or “deaf and dumb.”

For more information, see our full article Deaf or Hard of Hearing (DHH) 101.